[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"list-articles-en":3},[4,37,70],{"id":5,"slug":6,"status":7,"body":8,"kind":9,"tags":10,"cover":14,"title":28,"author":31,"summary":32,"featured":25,"publishedAt":34,"created_at":35,"updated_at":36},1,"asset-policy","published","## 我们只用三种来源\n\n1. **馆方开放数据**（大都会艺术博物馆、克利夫兰艺术博物馆等）：影像为 CC0 或公有领域，元数据来自官方 API。\n2. **维基共享资源**：用于馆舍外观、展厅环境等馆方未释出的场景，逐张确认授权。\n3. **本站自制或已取得授权的内容**：目前包括文字说明与版面，图片部分待补。\n\n## 每条素材都有登记\n\n一张图要在本站出现，必须先回答四个问题：**谁提供的、什么授权、原始页面在哪、上线前要不要换**。这四项写在内容的来源字段里，也同步进一份内部的待替换清单。\n\n判定规则很简单：\n\n- CC0 \u002F 公有领域 → 可以长期使用；\n- CC BY、CC BY-SA → 保留署名，且**上线前替换**为自有或已获授权的影像；\n- 来源不明 → 一律不用。\n\n## 关于文字\n\n文物条目中的中文说明由本站按公开资料整理撰写，不逐字翻译馆方介绍；引用的断代、尺寸、入藏号等硬信息以馆方数据为准，并在每一条目底部注明。\n\n本站处于开发阶段，页面上的内容、图片与\"展厅\"分组都会在正式上线前重新核对一遍。\n\n> 若你是权利人并认为本站使用不当，请通过页脚的联系方式告知，我们会立即处理。","note",[11],{"en":12,"zh":13},"Site Notes","站务",{"alt":15,"src":18,"width":19,"height":20,"source":21,"caption":26},{"en":16,"zh":17},"A small seated amulet figure with a bovine head, Cleveland Museum of Art","克利夫兰藏人形坐像护符，牛首人身","articles\u002Fcleveland-1953.628-seated-amulet.jpg",2302,3400,{"url":22,"license":23,"provider":24,"replaceBeforeLaunch":25},"https:\u002F\u002Fclevelandart.org\u002Fart\u002F1953.628","cc0","The Cleveland Museum of Art",false,{"zh":27},"克利夫兰艺术博物馆藏，1953.628（CC0）",{"en":29,"zh":30},"Our Image Sources and Licensing Policy","本站的素材来源与授权说明","本站编辑部",{"zh":33},"本站目前处于开发演示阶段，所有影像都来自公开发布的开放授权来源，并逐张登记授权与出处。凡是授权不允许长期使用的图，都会在正式上线前替换。","2026-09-28","2026-10-08T08:00:28.000Z","2026-10-12T01:30:04.000Z",{"id":38,"slug":39,"status":7,"body":40,"kind":41,"tags":42,"cover":49,"title":64,"author":31,"summary":67,"featured":25,"publishedAt":69,"created_at":35,"updated_at":36},2,"open-access-cc0","## CC0 意味着什么\n\nCC0 是\"放弃著作权\"的意思：授权方声明自己不保留权利，使用者不需要署名，也可以商用。对博物馆来说，这不是把藏品\"送人\"——**藏品本身的归属没有变化**，释出的只是馆方拍摄或委托拍摄的影像与整理好的元数据。\n\n## 为什么他们会这么做\n\n- 藏品是公有领域的，影像的传播本来就难以严格限制；\n- 高质量、结构化的公开数据能带来研究引用与访客增长；\n- 与其让低质量的翻拍图在网上流传，不如提供官方版本。\n\n大都会艺术博物馆、克利夫兰艺术博物馆都在这条路上走得较早：不仅给图，还给**开放的 API**——元数据可以直接被程序读取，不需要逐件人工登记。\n\n## 对本站的影响\n\n本站的选馆逻辑直接受此影响：优先收录\"影像可用、元数据可取\"的馆。这解释了为什么首批收录的五家以欧美馆为主——不是审美偏好，而是法务上的现实。\n\n需要说明的是：**公有领域 ≠ 所有图都能用**。同一件文物，馆方自己拍的照片可能已释出为 CC0，但第三方在展厅里拍的照片仍可能带 CC BY-SA 之类的要求，需要逐张确认。这就是本站每张图都登记来源的原因。\n\n> 相关馆的开放数据政策以其官网说明为准；本页不构成法律意见。","news",[43,46],{"en":44,"zh":45},"Open Access","开放数据",{"en":47,"zh":48},"Copyright","版权",{"alt":50,"src":53,"width":54,"height":55,"source":56,"caption":62},{"en":51,"zh":52},"The entrance facade of the Metropolitan Museum of Art","大都会艺术博物馆临街入口","museums\u002Fmet.jpg",1907,1548,{"url":57,"note":58,"license":59,"provider":60,"replaceBeforeLaunch":61},"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFile:Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art,_New_York_City_NY,_entrance.jpg","本图授权为 CC BY-SA，上线前替换","cc-by-sa","Wikimedia Commons（Arad）",true,{"zh":63},"大都会艺术博物馆主入口（Wikimedia Commons，Arad，CC BY-SA 4.0）",{"en":65,"zh":66},"Why These Museums Release High-Resolution Images for Free","为什么这五家馆敢把高清影像免费释出",{"zh":68},"本站选馆的第一道标准不是\"名气\"，而是\"影像能不能合法地拿到\"。欧美一批博物馆把公有领域藏品的影像以 CC0 释出，这意味着可以用、可以改、连署名都不强制。","2026-09-20",{"id":71,"slug":72,"status":7,"body":73,"kind":74,"tags":75,"cover":82,"title":94,"author":31,"summary":97,"featured":61,"publishedAt":99,"created_at":35,"updated_at":36},3,"reading-old-trees","## 第一件事：它不是挂在墙上的\n\n这件作品是**手卷**（handscroll），形式接近一册能横向展开的册页：观者坐在案前，左手缓缓收卷、右手缓缓放卷，画面因此在一段时间里逐段出现。它对应的不是\"一幅画\"，而是一段有节奏的行程。\n\n大都会为这件郭熙（传）的作品标注的题名是 *Old Trees, Level Distance*，中译常作《树色平远图》，约作于 1080 年，绢本设色，画心 35.6 × 104.4 厘米。注意这个比例：**长是高的三倍**，正是一段可以慢慢走的横向空间。\n\n## 第二件事：平远是什么意思\n\n郭熙在《林泉高致》里提出山有三远：高远、深远、平远。这张画用的是**平远**——视线不高抬，顺着近处的老树、隔着水面，一层层推向远处的低山。\n\n看平远要盯住两样东西：\n\n1. **地平线的位置**，它决定了全卷的呼吸；\n2. **前景树石的墨色与远景山峦的墨色差**，这个差就是空间深度。\n\n## 第三件事：为什么数字化之后反而更好读\n\n手卷局部极小，现场看往往要先适应光线。高清数字化影像则允许你反复停在某一棵树、某一处水岸。但代价是——它把\"卷动\"这个动作抹掉了。\n\n所以本站收录这类作品时，影像只承担\"看清细节\"的职责；至于节奏，还是得回到原作现场。\n\n> 影像与元数据来自大都会艺术博物馆开放数据接口（CC0）。","research",[76,79],{"en":77,"zh":78},"Painting","书画",{"en":80,"zh":81},"Northern Song","北宋",{"alt":83,"src":86,"width":87,"height":88,"source":89,"caption":92},{"en":84,"zh":85},"Detail of a Northern Song handscroll showing old trees and level distance","北宋长卷《Old Trees, Level Distance》局部，平远的山水与老树","articles\u002Fmet-39668-old-trees-level-distance.jpg",3508,1872,{"url":90,"license":23,"provider":91,"replaceBeforeLaunch":25},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.metmuseum.org\u002Fart\u002Fcollection\u002Fsearch\u002F39668","The Metropolitan Museum of Art",{"zh":93},"传为郭熙《Old Trees, Level Distance》（大都会艺术博物馆藏，1981.276）",{"en":95,"zh":96},"Reading a Northern Song Handscroll","看山：一件北宋长卷怎么读",{"zh":98},"手卷不是一幅\"画\"，而是一段\"行程\"。左手收卷、右手放卷，画面里的空间才真正展开——这也是为什么手卷的印刷品总是不如原作。","2026-09-12"]